This review provides a comprehensive overview of FBG sensor technology, focusing on their operating principles, key advantages such as high sensitivity and immunity to electromagnetic interference, and common challenges like temperature-strain cross-sensitivity and the high cost of. This review provides a comprehensive overview of FBG sensor technology, focusing on their operating principles, key advantages such as high sensitivity and immunity to electromagnetic interference, and common challenges like temperature-strain cross-sensitivity and the high cost of. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have emerged as advanced tools for monitoring a wide range of physical parameters in various fields, including structural health, aerospace, biochemical, and environmental applications. This review provides a compre-hensive overview of FBG sensor. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical sensors have emerged as a leading technology for distributed strain and temperature measurement. Their unique attributes—compactness, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and multiplexing capabilities—make them a compelling choice for industries ranging from. In this paper, the main writing methods of MCF FBGs and their sensing applications are reviewed. The future development of the MCF FBG is also prospected. This is achieved by creating a periodic variation in the refractive index of the fiber core, which generates a. Abstract—Exceptional points (EPs), intrinsic to non-Hermitian systems, exhibit singular spectral responses with extreme sen-sitivity to external perturbations, offering new opportunities for precision sensing.
